Difference between Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids

Solution is a mixture of two or more substances in a single phase. At least two substances must be mixed in order to have a solution. The substance in the smallest amount and the one that dissolves or disperses is called the solute. The substance in the larger amount is called the solvent. In most common instances water is the solvent. The gases, liquids, or solids dissolved in water are the solutes.

Dissolving of sugar in water is an example of a solution because
it completely dissolves in water, therefore it is an aqueous
solution. In this case the sugar is the solute, and water is the solvent.

Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of larger particles. These particles are visible and will settle out on standing. 

The ocean is an example of a suspension because the sand
settles out when mixed with water. The separation is visible
to the human eye, making it easier to separate the mixture.
eye

...HOW EVER... 


Colloid is a homogenous mixture of intermediate size particles. The particles  particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. the particles do not settle and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.

Milk is a colloid because to the human eye it looks like a
solution, however there are different substances in Milk.
When seperated properly, or when a light it shone through
it you can see the different substances. Even though
they can't been, seen they are still there, thus making milk
a colloid. 

Gas Law Internet Activity Conclusion

The phet gas simulation represented a chamber that you were exerting molecules into, whether it was heavy or light. Then you pumped the air out and the pressure and number of molecules would rise with each pump. The "heavy species" were larger molecules, than the "light species". After going through the procedure with each type of molecule I started making comparisons. I noticed that in the lighter species it took more molecules to get around the same pressure. The smaller molecules were also moving much faster, than the larger molecules. This is because it takes more energy for the larger molecule to move. With each pump less large molecules were exerted, than light molecules. This is again because it takes more of the smaller molecules to increase the pressure in the chamber.

Chemistry in Action!

Question 1:
What type of reaction is 1a? Double Replacement
What type of reaction is 1b? Corrosion
What do you think reaction 2 and 3 are? Double Replacement, Neutralization, Single Replacement


Question 2:
What is hypoxia? family of conditions characterized by a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues


When does hypoxia reach its highest levels in Long Island Sound and the Gulf of Mexico? Hypoxia reaches its highest levels in the long island sound and in the Gulf of Mexico when high levels oh phytoplankton are present.


What are the causes of hypoxia? Pollution and eutrophication in which plant nutrients enter a river, lake, or ocean, and phytoplankton blooms are reproductive, occur in the absence of pollutants.


Research the sources of high levels of nitrate ion in water bodies. Some sources of high levels of nitrate ion in water bodies are natural runoffs and septic waste. 


What are "safe levels" of nitrate in drinking water and what are the effects on humans of drinking water with high levels of nitrate ion? The “safe level” of nitrate in drinking water is 10 mg of nitrate per liter of water. The effects on humans of drinking water with high levels of nitrate ions are methemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome. Blue baby syndrome is an illness that arises when an infant’s blood is unable to carry enough oxygen to body cells and tissue. 


Works Consulted-
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hypoxia.htm
http://www.ehow.com/about_5554302_safe-level-nitrates-drinking-water.html
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/crops/00517.html
http://www.bhia.org/articles/childrens-health/bluebabysyndrome.html

Thermite Reaction!

A thermite reaction is iron oxide (rust) reacting with aluminum to produce molten iron. The reaction is initiated by the heat from burning magnesium ribbon which is placed in the iron oxide/aluminum mixture.
Thermite reaction is useful because it is often used to join rail tracks, and some thermite mixtures are even used to generate fireworks. Copper thermite is used for welding together thick copper wires. Thermite hand grenades and charges are typically used by armed forces in both an anti-materiel role and in the partial destruction of equipment, the latter being common when time is not available for safer or more thorough methods.
Iron (II) Oxide plus 2 aluminum react to produce 2 iron and aluminum oxide
Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃

5 reasons of why learning about bonding is important

5 Reasons of why learning about bonding is important!

1.     It factors into our daily lives!

a.     In our body there are so many atoms bonding with one another. The whole essence of bonding is to make an atom become more stable, and in our body it is necessary for bonds to become more stable

2.     Water-H₂0

a.     It is important to learn about bonding because it is a huge part in water, which we use, everyday and are 70% made out of it. Water molecules are constantly jostling with each other, moving past each other, breaking and re-making hydrogen bonds with different molecules. The expanded structure of ice illustrates that hydrogen bonds have direction. In ice, hydrogen bonds contribute to the ‘diamond-like’ tetrahedral arrangement of the atoms in the lattice.

3.     DNA & DNA Replication

a.     The relative weakness of the hydrogen bond is important in DNA replication, for instance, as the DNA molecule must ‘un-zip’ for the strands to be copied. DNA also shows how important this alignment associated with hydrogen bonding is. Hydrogen bonding between the bases lies at the core of the double helical structure. The interaction between the bases involves hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonds can only form between certain groups, and this plays a part in the complementary base pairing which is essential to the function of DNA.

4.     Proteins and Hydrogen Bonds

a.     They give shape to large protein molecules. Proteins are built of long chains contains carbonal groups, amino groups, and regular intervals. Hydrogen bonding occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen in an amino group and the carbonal oxygen atom. The correct functioning of all proteins depends upon their shape. Life depends on molecules recognizing and interacting with each other in specific ways. Such interaction is most efficient if the molecules involved have complementary structures – they fit together as would a lock and key.

5.     Human Body

a.     The processes of recognition and self-assembly are key to the functioning of structures such as chromosomes, ribosomes, and cell membranes where the specific aggregation of macromolecules of different types gives rise to the functional component of the cell. The basic process that allows cells to be made start with hydrogen bonding, and every atom fitting with another like a ‘lock and key’.